Connecting private homes and commercial buildings to the mains requires a minimum knowledge of electrical cables and their characteristics. Electrical power cables are a kind of cables with different designs and electrical characteristics. They must transfer electrical energy from the source to the final consumer. Based on the characteristics of the connected object, the type of power cable used is determined depending on the installation conditions.
Power cable types
The choice of power cables should be approached responsibly. Before starting construction, it is necessary to plan the electrical wiring and determine the requirements for the cable, taking into account various parameters, such as the number and capacity of connected buildings. It is important to remember that if you do not have the experience or knowledge to do the wiring yourself, it is better to entrust it to professionals. If you are dealing with electric current, one inept move can be fatal.
For convenient use, power cables are divided into several groups depending on the voltage, the material that prevents the passage of electric current through it, and the shape of the conductors.
- PVC insulation. This type is widely used in industry and everyday life. PVC is a hard plastic with low dielectric properties, but resistant to acids, alkalis, salts and damp environments. The permissible heating temperature is +80 °C, above this temperature the cable melts and dangerous hydrogen chloride is formed. To minimize negative properties, components that are resistant to combustion and aggressive influences are added to the composition.
- Paper insulation. This type of power cable is very popular with customers due to its low price. It consists of several layers of oil-impregnated paper, which creates a paper insulation. The wire is designed to work with high voltage, but due to its low hygroscopicity, it is enclosed in a metal sheath, and when laid at different levels, it is impregnated with a non-draining ceresin-based composition.
- Rubber insulation. Suitable for applications where resistance to multiple bending is required. Rubber insulation with additives is water resistant up to +65 °C, but is quickly destroyed by UV.
- Cross-linked synthetic polymer insulation. This is a well-known type that uses molecularly processed polyethylene. It has good electrical performance, long length, light weight, high transmission capacity and good moisture resistance.
Labels are used to represent various properties. Each letter has a specific meaning and indicates the material of the conductive core, the type of insulation, the protective cover, sometimes the type and components of the armor. Color coding is used to facilitate installation.
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