Recently, more and more attention is paid to the increasing requirements for safety measures and the creation of conditions for the safe life of a person.
The main measures of protection against exposure to harmful substances include:
- ideally - the absolute exclusion of any contact with hazardous substances through the use of automation measures and complex mechanization;
- development of new technological processes aimed at excluding or maximum limiting contacts with harmful substances;
- the use in production of substances with a minimum level of harmful effects, as well as the rejection of dry methods of processing materials prone to dust, in favor of wet methods;
- ensuring the sealing of equipment;
- location of production equipment exclusively in special boxes with a powerful ventilation system;
- conducting preliminary and periodic medical examinations of personnel, as well as the use of personal protective equipment.
As for measures and measures aimed at normalizing microclimate parameters, these include:
1. Ventilation, which is an adjustable air exchange in a room. Ventilation is divided into natural and mechanical (while these types of air exchange can be combined, and then we are talking about mixed ventilation). Mechanical ventilation, carried out by fans, which, taking air from one room, send it to another, in turn, is classified into exhaust, supply and supply and exhaust. The first type removes polluted air from the working area, the second provides a supply of clean air, and the third combines both of these functions and therefore is used in those rooms for which the systematic replacement of exhaust air is important. In addition, ventilation is general (if we are talking about air exchange in the entire production room) and local (which is concentrated exclusively in a certain place). Another essential parameter of controlled air exchange is the duration of action: according to this indicator, ventilation is divided into main and emergency.
2. Air conditioning, that is, the use of a set of technical means, the main task of which is the preparation, movement and distribution of air, as well as the subsequent regulation of its main parameters. In closed rooms, air conditioning makes it possible to maintain the required air temperature, humidity, ionic composition, monitor the speed of movement and the presence of odors in the surrounding air.
3. Heating, the essence of which is to heat premises during the cold season, carried out in order to compensate for heat losses and maintain the temperature at a given level that meets the conditions of thermal comfort and the requirements of the current sanitary standards in this area. The heating system must compensate for the heat losses occurring through the building fences and heat the cold air entering the room.
