The design of boiler houses and heating systems is associated with a large amount of work and no less great responsibility - it involves not only determining the location and configuration of equipment, but also determining its operating parameters, the load on pipelines and heat carriers. Therefore, the design of heating should be placed in the hands of professionals: without specific knowledge, it will not be possible to achieve an economical, well-coordinated, long-term operation of all components and assemblies.
The project begins with the definition of the initial conditions and the development of technical specifications, according to which specialists will carry out all calculations. The basis for the terms of reference is two documents: a construction permit (for the entire facility or only for the boiler house) issued by the responsible authorities at the location of the construction site, and technical conditions that determine the load on the system, the required annual fuel consumption, and consumption limits. To determine the technical conditions, it is necessary to calculate the heat and fuel for a specific object, based on its area, wall material, purpose, and so on. Technical specifications are an integral part of the design documentation, on the basis of which the installation of boiler equipment and obtaining permits for its operation are carried out.
What does the design of a heating system include? Firstly, this is the development of a technical assignment - the basis on the basis of which the entire project is formed, equipment is selected, and the configuration of heating networks is created. Secondly, the determination of heat loads on the network, the calculation of resource consumption. Third, the choice of main and auxiliary equipment. Fourthly, determining the location of the boiler room, its size and main characteristics. Fifthly, the calculation of the chimney, its height, taking into account the specifics of the fuel used and its properties harmful to the environment. Sixth, the calculation of the cost of construction, the formation of estimates, taking into account the requirements of customers and regulatory documents.
All these aspects are calculated based on the operating conditions and the location of the boiler room, its purpose. So, for example, according to purpose, there are heating, industrial and industrial heating boilers. In each case, the load will be different, and, consequently, the selection of system elements will be carried out on different grounds. Central and autonomous boiler houses also require completely different approaches, different equipment and different calculation methods. Therefore, the determining factors affecting the final return on equipment are the professionalism of the designers, which should not be in doubt, and the initial conditions determined by the specifics of the equipment operation.
