The productivity of any production or workshop depends on the characteristics of the preparation for the production process. Correct and complete preparation of raw materials and materials for production significantly increases the amount of finished products. For enterprises that work with metal, forgings are pre-made - these are forged steel billets, which are produced from alloyed and carbon steel grades, which increase their strength and resistance to use.
The forging itself is a preliminary rough billet for subsequent use in the manufacture of a product, which is obtained by stamping, forging or pressing metal. The forging process itself begins with metal casting in order to remove defects and voids during casting.
Forgings are manufactured and allowed to be sold in several stages:
- dividing the workpiece into particles of the desired size for future products;
- stamping and pressing of metal forgings;
- use of heat treatment - normalization and annealing, depending on the type and grade of metal;
- passing quality control before sale.
All forgings undergo extensive quality control and quality control and properties before being sold. The mechanical properties of the forging are checked, and the hardness of the product and ultrasonic testing are also carried out to further confirm the reliability of the finished product before sale.
Depending on the shape (section), forgings are:
- round;
- square;
- rectangular;
- polygonal;
- other forms according to the customer's order.
There are two methods of steel forging: stamping and forging. Stamping can be cold or hot, depending on the needs of the forging and metal. It is produced by deforming the metal to the desired shape and length. Hot forging gives the metal elasticity and ductility, which makes it possible to easily give the metal the desired shape. The economy of this method lies in the process in which several faces of the forging are made at once.
Forged forging can be pressed and hammered, it is in a free position during operation. The finished product is distinguished by its strength and ductility. The main tools for forging are a hammer, a sledgehammer or large press machines with tens of tons of force.
