Mechanical processing of metals is the main method for the production of a number of parts and parts of mechanisms. Depending on the complexity and required manufacturing accuracy, various types of metal machining are used. The overwhelming majority of constructions appear as a result of metal cutting. After cutting, blanks appear for further processing, rolling, stamping, forging or casting.
Cutting is based on the principle of forming new surfaces by separating or deforming metal layers (with the obligatory formation of chips). After special processing of a blank (metal blank) in metal-cutting machines (mostly with software control), a detail is obtained that strictly corresponds to the drawing. It is important to take into account that in the process of cutting, the allowance is always removed (production waste). With the serial production of parts, the minimum allowance will reduce the cost of production and make it less laborious. Recently, "good form" in metal processing is the selection of blanks for parts that are as close as possible in shape to the required design. This directly leads to material and energy savings in production.
Other types of metal processing include:
- Turning,
- Drilling,
- Milling,
- Planing,
- Chiseling,
- Grinding,
- Broaching.
Turning is chosen for processing workpieces by mechanical action on them of various bodies of revolution (spiral and screw) on lathes. In this case, the workpiece rotates quickly, and the processing tools (cutters) progressively and slowly act on the part in the transverse direction. Milling is performed on specialized milling machines using sharp cutters (this is, in fact, cutting metal). The movement of the cutter is controlled by the machine operator or a predefined surface treatment program. Drilling is used to obtain holes for various purposes in the body of the workpiece. As a tool, a drill is used here, which rotates around its axis and comes into contact with the part. Drilling machines are used for drilling. Planing is performed with a planing cutter. Chiseling - with a chisel chisel. These machining methods are also based on the respective reciprocal principles of the workpiece and cutter rotational-translational motion. Grinding is considered the final surface finishing process. In the process of grinding, a thin top layer of material is removed from the finished part using grinding wheels of different abrasiveness (to obtain a given surface structure). Metal pulling during processing
