Turning refers to mechanical cutting. Their main goal is to turn a metal blank into a finished part, characterized by the presence of a certain configuration and dimensions. To carry out such work, you need the appropriate equipment and tools.
If we compare turning and, for example, milling, then in the first case, in the process of metalworking, a blank, fixed in the machine, rotates, and in the second, the cutting tool performs rotational movements. This is the characteristic difference between turning from other types of machining.
The essence of turning work is to remove a metal layer from a blank and to bring the workpiece to the required parameters in terms of dimensions and surface cleanliness. Turning is always carried out according to one scenario: when the edge of the cutting tool is plunged into the workpiece, the cutter experiences severe loads, overcoming the adhesion forces that arise inside the blank in order to remove the metal allowance.
Turning specifics
Any movement performed on turning equipment is characterized not by chaos, but by a clear direction. The rotation of the spindle with the blank fixed in it is carried out along the Z-axis, while the X-axis is always perpendicular to it. Therefore, the Z-axis plays the role of a starting point in the work.
It should be noted that the cutters are always in the XZ plane, and the distance to them is set during commissioning. Moreover, the movement of the cutting tool is determined in accordance with a special scale of the systems described above. In this case, the distance actually traveled by the cutter differs from the calculated one: this is due to the fact that the tool, exerting a direct effect on the workpiece, displaces it by an average of several millimeters.
Modern turning equipment, which is controlled by a computer, is characterized by the presence of a third coordinate. This indicator in the improved software (software) is set independently, after which it can be adjusted.
The efficiency of the turning unit is determined by such indicators as the speed and depth of cut, as well as the longitudinal feed. It depends on them as a result:
- stability of the cutting tool;
- chip formation;
- spindle speed.
Turning key figures
The cutting speed is determined by the type of material being cut. In addition to this on her
