The company "Rural Vestnik" - https://cib.net.ua/ since the beginning of the nineties of the last century has been engaged in wholesale, as well as delivery of various seeds and planting material to different parts of Ukraine, and has its own online store for more than 10 years. The company's experts told us how the onion seed production takes place.
For growing seeds, plants are taken that are distinguished by high productivity and early maturity, typical for nesting, shape and color of the bulb. Collected before harvesting, until the bow is in the ground and the nest is not disturbed. Nests with small, ugly, arrow-shaped bulbs are rejected, selecting large, well-ripened ones. In the Bessonovsky variety and local forms - 4-6 cm in diameter, in the Strigunovsky variety - 5-6 cm, in the Kaba and Krasnodar varieties - 6-10 cm.After drying, the leaves are cut off, departing from the bulb by at least 5 cm. material of spicy varieties is stored at 5-12 °, semi-acute and sweet - at 1-3 ° heat.
The testes are planted on well-ventilated beds isolated from onion sets and turnip onions, as soon as the soil thaws to a depth of 8-10 cm (late April - early May). They are placed in three to four rows, the distance is 25 cm between the bulbs, leaving 4-6 cm of earth above the shoulders. The testes are systematically weeded, the soil is loosened.
With the appearance of leaves, the plants are fed with ammonium nitrate, 10 g of fertilizer per 1 m2. When the arrows appear, they are fed with a complex mineral fertilizer - 26 g per 1 m2. Against downy mildew, crops are sprayed three times, every 15-20 days, with Bordeaux liquid, zineb or copper oxychloride. Sick plants are treated every 7-10 days. It is also important to remove diseased plants in a timely manner, preventing the spread of infection.
By the beginning of flowering, the testes are slightly spud, with the appearance of arrows, they are tied to stakes. Onions bloom for 30-40 days.
Onions are a cross-pollinated plant, so you should grow one copt on the site.
As soon as the stems turn yellow and cracked capsules with black hardening seeds appear, the umbrellas are cut with the arrow from 15-20 to 50 cm, depending on the degree of seed ripening. If the seeds are not ripe at the root, the arrows are harvested along with the uterine bulb, placing them for ripening. The seeds spill out easily, so the umbrellas are folded in a tight container or on a burlap. Do not use plastic wrap to dry. It retains moisture, so the seeds germinate and mold on it.
Dried umbrellas are threshed and winnowed in the wind. For final cleaning, the seeds are poured into a jar of water and mixed thoroughly. The seeds that have sunk to the bottom are dried, the floating ones are thrown away. You can get 3-5 g of seeds from one plant.
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