Non-destructive testing methods are based on the determination of the properties of materials and structural elements without destruction and sampling. Such methods of control of the technological process are used in all economically important industries, such as metallurgy, machine-tool building, mechanical engineering, chemical production, construction, etc. In the field of construction, non-destructive methods are used both at the stage of erection of welded metal structures and other elements of an object, and at inspection of structures. The intensive development of non-destructive testing methods has led to the development of more and more devices for effective flaw detection, which is presented on the site Russian enterprises.
Depending on the physical principle used, the following main methods of non-destructive research are distinguished:
• with the help of penetrating media, which can be liquid, gaseous, etc .; this method is used to check the strength and tightness of the joints of tanks, pipelines of gas tanks and other similar structures;
• using mechanical test methods, different for the respective materials (metal, concrete, road surface, wood, etc.);
• using acoustic test methods using ultrasound and waves of lower frequencies, the propagation of which in the test object can be used to conclude about its physical and mechanical characteristics and condition;
• using magnetic, electromagnetic and electrical methods;
• using ionizing radiation, including X-ray and radioisotope;
• using radio and infrared flaw detection.
Does not require proof of how beneficial non-destructive testing is from an economic point of view. On the one hand, they allow you to eliminate defects already at the construction stage, thereby eliminating the need for considerable costs to eliminate these defects in finished objects.
In addition, non-destructive testing makes it possible to determine the degree of suitability of almost any existing facility for further operation, as well as its safety for human life and health.
