Hydraulic cylinder is a volumetric hydraulic engine, the main function of which is to convert liquid energy into mechanical energy . This, in turn, provides linear movement for the moving element.
Depending on the work cycles, forces and speeds that the working bodies in logging, municipal, and road-building equipment must develop, different types of hydraulic cylinders are used. At the same time, the methods of their introduction into the hydraulic system also differ.
How does a hydraulic cylinder work?
List of parts that make up the design of the hydraulic cylinder:
- body;
- sleeve;
- back cover, which is screwed to the sleeve;
- front cover screwed onto the sleeve with a hole for the rod;
- piston;
- rod, eye.
The main parameters by which the types of such devices are characterized are: piston stroke, internal diameter, nominal pressure of the working fluid and rod diameter.
Types of hydraulic cylinders
According to the direction of action of the working fluid, the units can be divided into two large groups: one-sided and two-sided.
In one-way fluid pressure occurs in one part of the cylinder, and the stroke of the piston to the right provides fluid pressure supplied to the left side of the cylinder. The reverse stroke can be performed due to the pressure of the load or a compressed spring.
In a dual hydraulic cylinder, the stroke is provided by the working fluid in both directions. When liquid is supplied to the right side of the unit, the piston moves to the left, and vice versa.
Principle of operation of hydraulic cylinders
When liquids are supplied into the working cavity of the unit under pressure, it exerts a force on the surface of the piston, which leads to its movement in the direction that corresponds to the action of the cylinder. As a rule, this direction is up and down.
At the same time, when in the working cavity the surface area of the piston is greater than its value for the surface of the piston at the other end of the cylinder (plunger), the mechanical force created by the hydraulic cylinder increases. This occurs due to the conversion of fluid pressure into mechanical force.
The hydraulic cylinder is controlled by pressure and regulating the supply of fluid into the working cavity of the device. For this purpose, hydraulic valves, pumps and other hydraulic system components are used.
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